UNFCCC COP31, Antalya, Turkiye, 9 to 20 November 2026: the issues, our analysis and publications, and updates from the conference.
The 31st Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change meets in Antalya, Turkiye, from 9 to 20 November 2026, with the World Leaders’ Summit on 11 and 12 November.
Turkiye hosts and holds the presidency, with Australia presiding over the negotiations; the pre-COP ministerial meeting was held in Fiji from 5 to 8 October. After Belém, the presidency frames Antalya as an implementation COP: turning national climate plans (NDCs) and finance pledges into delivery.
Our work at COP31 follows the issues that decide how Indonesia’s climate commitments are financed and delivered.
Carbon markets and Article 6: rules for authorized units, corresponding adjustments and the Article 6.4 mechanism, and how they meet Indonesia’s new framework under Perpres 110/2025. Implementation of the NDCs: the Second NDC targets and the policies behind them.
Finance: the flows that reach countries and communities, and how risk is priced. Forests, peat and fire: the 2026 fire season, El Niño and La Nina, and what they mean for the forestry sector’s net sink. Energy transition: coal retirement, transition credits and renewables.
The run-up to Antalya has shifted the conversation from setting targets to delivering them.
The Pre-COP ministerial in Nadi, Fiji, closed on 8 October with new commitments to the Pacific Resilience Facility, and Pacific leaders adopted the Taku Pakasoa Declaration, asking COP31 for deeper emission cuts, finance that reaches communities and more attention to the ocean. The Turkish Presidency has framed Antalya as an implementation COP, built around its Climate Implementation Bridge to turn national plans into financeable projects.
Commentators expect the same emphasis in the negotiations. UNU-EHS sets out five expectations as attention moves from targets to implementation after Belém, and representatives of the last three presidencies discussed how to restore trust by turning commitments into action as climate disasters mount. Day-to-day coverage continues in COP31 360 below.
Agus Sari, Chief Executive Officer of The Landscape Group, will be at COP31 from 9 to 13 November 2026.
He co-chaired the UNFCCC Work Program on REDD+ Finance and was a Lead Author with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change from 2001 to 2007. To arrange a meeting in Antalya, write to info@landscape.id.
Agus Sari will speak on this panel of policymakers and researchers from emerging economies, organized by Iniciativa Climática de México on the Regional Climate Foundations agenda at COP31.
Green industrial policy now sits where climate ambition, development strategy, energy security and geopolitical competition meet. The panel looks at how emerging economies can pursue decarbonization in a fragmenting trade and innovation landscape, through domestic learning and resilient supply chains, and how trade rules, standards and mechanisms such as the EU’s carbon border adjustment can be used to build productive capabilities in countries of the Global South.
Other panelists include Adrián Fernández Bremauntz (Iniciativa Climática de México), Kelly Sims Gallagher (The Fletcher School, Tufts University) and Victoria Santos (Instituto Clima e Sociedade).
News and published material on the road to Antalya, from global and Indonesian sources.
Two weeks before Antalya, UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report says warming will pass 1.5°C and sets out cuts of 18 percent by 2030 and 45 percent by 2035 to bring it back by 2100. The Presidency is framing COP31 around implementation, with an Action Agenda of electrification, waste and resilient cities, while finance, adaptation finance, loss and damage and fossil fuel language remain open in the negotiations.
Indonesia goes with “Delivering Climate Solutions at Scale,” led by Hashim Djojohadikusumo. It will present SRUK, rice self-sufficiency without forest clearing, 12.3 million hectares of forest rehabilitation and a draft climate justice law, and it is a pilot country for the Presidency’s BRIDGE finance initiative. It arrives during its worst fire season in a decade.
The report’s lowest-overshoot path limits peak warming to 1.7–1.8°C and returns to 1.5°C by 2100, with about a 50 percent chance. That needs emissions 18 percent below 2025 levels by 2030 and 45 percent by 2035; current policies point to 2.8°C this century.
A briefing on how the Strait of Hormuz crisis, wider conflicts and El Niño may shape progress on implementation when negotiators meet in Antalya.
Türkiye’s non-negotiated Action Agenda targets 35 percent electrification by 2035, halving the growth in waste generation, a 25 percent cut in building energy intensity, and an expanded Climate Implementation Bridge for NDC project portfolios.
The incoming COP31 Presidency and the Australian President of Negotiations held virtual consultations with heads of delegation on 14 October, following the Pre-COP ministerial in Fiji and leaders’ event in Tuvalu from 5 to 8 October.
Climate finance, adaptation finance, the Loss and Damage Fund and language on moving away from fossil fuels remain on the formal agenda, alongside the goal of $1.3 trillion a year in climate finance by 2035.
Funding constraints are delaying the systems that check country reporting and run technical reviews under Article 6.2; the registry is due to launch by year-end.
Presidential envoy Hashim Djojohadikusumo will lead Indonesia’s delegation. Its priorities include accessible climate finance, Article 6 and carbon market integrity, adaptation for islands and coasts, just transition, technology transfer and nature-based solutions, with 12.3 million hectares of forest rehabilitation offered for international support.
Hashim said the carbon unit registry would be among the achievements presented, and that investor interest rose after the government said it no longer needs to expand rice fields into primary forest.
The draft law on just climate change control covers mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage and the protection of climate defenders. Environment Minister Jumhur Hidayat presented it as an initiative awaited internationally.
Indonesia reports reductions of 775.97 Mt CO2e against its baseline, 34.16 percent. The piece argues Antalya needs evidence of past cuts, funding sources, project delivery and community benefits.
The Climate Implementation Bridge will work with Ethiopia, Fiji, Indonesia, Pakistan and Uzbekistan to turn NDC priorities into investment-ready projects and address bottlenecks in accessing international finance.
Updated with each Monitor 360 scan. Wider climate and carbon market news is in Weekly 360 and Carbon Market 360.
Our outlooks and fact sheets, including the 2026 fire season, El Niño and carbon projects.
Market updates on carbon pricing and trading, globally and in Indonesia, including Article 6.
The instruments that govern carbon pricing and trading in Indonesia.
Weekly news on climate, carbon markets, forests and the economy; COP31 coverage appears under Climate Change.
Our other events, including the October 2026 guest lecture on jurisdictional crediting for the power sector.